U njihovim se uzorcima pljuvačke pojavio kromosom nazvan Haplogroup E1b1b1 koji je rijedak kod stanovnika zapadne Europe, ali se nalazi kod Berbera u Maroku, Alžiru i Tunisu, kao i kod Hitleru omraženih Židova.

Note: There are no known haplotypes today of haplogroups I and I2b; this is an artifact to some degree of the accidental order of y-SNP discoveries and the haplogroup naming rules - - - today ' s inventory of known y-SNPs being just a drop in the bucket compared to all existing y-SNPs in the phylogenetic tree.

High frequency of haplogroup I in Croatian populations and the phylogeographic pattern in its background STR diversity over Europe make Adriatic coast one likely source of the recolonization of Europe following the Last Glacial Maximum.

Interestingly, the same population also harbored mitochondrial haplogroup F that is virtually absent in European populations - indicating a connection with Central Asian populations, possibly the Avars

Haplogroup K is the fifth most common haplogroup in Europe (5.43 % 1 b).

Haplogroup K is believed to have arrived in Europe in the Mesolithic.

Second, haplogroup E entered southern Europe from Africa s eastern Sahara and became established in the region roughly 10,000 years ago.

Third, haplogroup J is Middle Eastern and likely introduced agriculture into southeast Europe around 8,500 years ago

Haplogroup I1b1 (P37.2) accounts for most of the Haplogroup I component in the Y-chromosome diversity of Eastern European populations, reaching its peak in the Western Balkans, most notably in Dalmatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina (40 - 50 %)

Haplogroup I-M170 is found at frequencies comparable to those of the Croatian mainland, except in the Croatians of Bosnia where it is much higher, perhaps due to drift.

Haplogroup K is a paraphyletic group a cluster of sequences descended from a common ancestor, but containing only some of the daughter sequences and not others.

K individuals carry the polymorphism M9, which characterizes the parent group, super-haplogroup K.

Haplogroup E3b1a2 as a Possible Indicator of Settlement in Roman Britain by Soldiers of Balkan Origin " Steven C.

- Haplogroup R1b is common on the western Atlantic coast as far as Scotland

The second most frequent haplogroup in Bosnia-Herzegovina is Hg E (14.5 %), whose presence in Europe has been attributed to multiple migrations from the Middle East and North Africa during and after the Neolithic (Cruciam et al. 2004, Semmo et al. 2004). However, Hg E is almost exclusively represented by the sub-clade E-M78. This accounts for 13.7 % of the pooled samples, but is less common in Croats (8.9 %) and Bosmacs (12.9 %) than in Serbs (19.8 %).

R-M17 is the prevalent sub-haplogroup of R as previously observed in other eastern European populations (Semino et al. 2000, Passarino et al. 2001, Wells et al. 2001).

" The sample consists of 256 (90 Croats, 81 Serbs and 85 Bosniacs the last previously identified as Muslim) unrelated males born in Bosnia-Herzegovina. ", ".... haplogroup (Hg) I... higher in the Croats (71 %) than in Bosniacs (44 %) and Serbs (31 %). ", The Peopling of Modern Bosnia-Herzegovina: Y-chromosome Haplogroups in the Three Main Ethnic Groups, Annals of Human Genetics 2005, 69

The high frequency and diversity of Haplogroup I1b1 among populations of the Western Balkans lends support to the hypothesis that the Adriatic region of modern-day Croatia served as a refuge for populations bearing Haplogroup I1b1 during the last glacial maximum

71 % Hrvata ima I1b Haplogroup, sto ce reci da zive na prostorima sjeverozapadnog Balkana zadnjih 20000 godina, pa ti sad kontaj ko je od koga i kako postao

It is quite interesting that haplogroup R1a1 seems to decrease in frequency from north to south, just as it was shown to decrease in frequency from east to west in Anatolia.

Analysis of the phylogeography of R1a1 is still needed to resolve when, and from which sources, this widespread haplogroup reached the area.

- Haplogroup R1a is common in eastern Europe and has also spread across into central Asia and as far as India and Pakistan

- Haplogroup I is common across central Europe and up into Scandinavia

I have decided to investigate the correlations between haplogroup frequencies in southeastern Europe and some neighboring populations.

I should also note that the frequency of haplogroup I in Bulgarians is interpolated from frequencies in Romanians, Greeks, Slav Macedonians and Serbians, as it was missing in the original article.

Despite their relatively low frequency, ranging from 2.2 % in the Croats to 6.2 % in the Serbs, they indicate that the gene pool of the ancestral population (s) of the Franco-Cantabrian refuge area also contributed to some extent to this region of the Balkans, as additionally attested by the finding in the same region of the mtDNA haplogroup HI (Achilli et al. 2004)

- The frequency of haplogroup J2 was established by three movements: (i) the initial arrival of J2 from Asia Minor; this did not significantly penetrate into the Western Balkans; (ii) the initial dispersal of J2 into Italy and further west, and around the Black Sea in pre-Greek times, which may be associated with the arrival of gracile Mediterranean racial types into the Ukraine; (iii) the latter dispersal of additional J2 as a result of Greek colonization

It is imperative that the fine-level phylogeography of haplogroup J2 be resolved.

The high frequency of this haplogroup around the Black Sea compared to the western Balkans is highly suggestive of Greek colonization, as it is well known that Greek colonization of the Black Sea was much more intensive than Greek activity in the Adriatic.

A little later, around 4,500 years ago, Haplogroup N3 began moving across from west of the Ural mountains.