The peak of the massacres took place in July and August 1943 when a senior UPA commander, Dmytro Klyachkivsky, ordered the liquidation of the entire male Polish population between 16 and 60 years of age. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Despite this, most of the victims were women and children. [ 4 ] The actions of the UPA resulted in 40,000 - 60,000 Polish civilian casualties in Volhynia, [ 3 ] and from 25,000 [ 9 ] to 30,000 - 40,000 in Eastern Galicia. [ 3 ]